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[sans numérotation] Heinnemann'Scientific Handbooks

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1 Chapter I. Time. Its graphic record; time-measurement by means of photography

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Image : Fig. 1. Scale of hours. Time measurement

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Image : Fig. 2. Arrangement designed for transmitting a mouvement to the needle, which records the duration and the phases

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Image : Fig. 3. Shoe for indicating when a man's foot comes in contact with the ground

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Image : Fig. 4. Pedestrian furnished with special shoes and carrying a chronographic apparatus

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Image : Fig. 5. Chronographic record of the periods of contact of the feet of a man executing various paces / Fig. 6. special apparatus for recording the contacts of a horse's feet with the ground

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Image : Fig. 7. Horse at a full trot

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Image : Fig. 8. Three records of the paces of a horse : amble, walk, and trot

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Image : Fig. 9. Triple-beat gallop

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Image : Fig. 10. Record of two airs played on the keyboard of a harmonium

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Image : Fig. 11. Needle spinning round the chronometric dial, and measuring the duration of exposure

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Image : Fig. 12. Successive positions of the needle on the chronometric dial, measuring the intervals of time separating the successive exposures

18 Chapter II. Space. Its measurement and reprsentation by photography

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Image : Fig. 13. Trajectory of the tip of a crow's wing

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Image : Fig. 14. Stereoscopic trajectory of a brillant point placed at the level of the lumbar vertebrae of a man walking away from the photographic camera

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Image : Fig. 15. Cylinder engendered by the displacement of a white thread moving round a central axis / Fig. 16 Hyberboloid by revolution: a single web engendered by the revolution of a thred set obliquely to the axis

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Image : Fig. 17. Hyperboloid by revolution with its asymptotic cone/ Fig. 18. Conoid engendered by the movement of a white thread/ Fig. 19. Sphere engendered by the rotation of a semi-annular white thread

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Image : Fig. 20. Sphere engendered by the rotation of a semi-annular thread/ Fig. 21. Hyperboloid and its asymptotic cone

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Image : Fig. 22. Sphere engendered by the rotation of a semi-annular band, white on the outer surface and black on the inner side

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Image : Fig. 23. Sphere engendered by a semi-annular band, white on both surfaces

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Image : Fig. 24. Paradoxical appearance of a sphere engendered by the rotation of a brilliant metallic thread

33 Chapter III. Movement. Its measurement, graphic representation, and analysis by means of chronophotography

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Image : Fig. 25. Graphic representation of a uniform movement

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Image : Fig. 26. Chart to express the movements of trains along a railway

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Image : Fig. 27. Successives sections of the curve of a movement

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Image : Fig. 28. Enlarged tracings of the pulse in different diseases

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Image : Fig. 29. Proportional reduction of a movement by means of an india rubber thread

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Image : Fig. 30. Pedestrian pushing an odograph in front of him

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Image : Fig. 31. Details of the odograph

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Image : Fig. 32. The instrument is seen obliquely from behind

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Image : Fig. 33. Two odographic charts expressing, according to different scales, the advance of a fast train

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Image : Fig; 34. Photography of the movement of a falling body

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Image : Fig. 35. Curves of the movement of a failling body

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54 Chapter IV. Chronophotography on fixed plates

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Image : Fig. 36. Simple trajectory and chronophotographic trajectory of a bright ball moving in front of a dark background

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Image : Fig. 37. A man walking. Chronophotography on a fixed plate

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Image : Fig. 38. Arab horse at a gallop/ Fig. 39. A man running. Chronophotography on a fixed plate

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Image : Fig. 40. A boxer represented in the two extreme positions of a movement

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Image : Fig; 41. Man dressed in black, with white lines and points for the chronophotographic study of the movement of the important parts of the body

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Image : Fig. 42. Images of runner reduced to a system of bright lines for representing the position of this limbs

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Image : Fig. 43. Alternating images for multiplying the number of positions afforded by chronophotography

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Image : Fig. 44. Rotating mirror for separating the images of an object which moves too slowly

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67 Chapter V. Description of the apparatus

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Image : Fig. 45. Arrangement of an apparatus adapted for all the purposes of chronophotography

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Image : Fig. 46. Objective mounted in a sliding box/ Fig. 47. Frame with ground glass for focussing in chronophotography on fixed plated

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Image : Fig. 48. Dark slide for negative

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Image : Fig. 49. Arrangement of the dark background at the Physiological Station

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Image : Fig. 50. Dark background for the study of movements occurring in liquids

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Image : Fig. 51. Arrangement of the experiment for studying movements in liquids

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Image : Fig. 52. Arrangement employed by Messrs. Demeny and Quénu for studying abnormalities in walking

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Image : Fig. 53. Extent of the movements of the legs obtained by Messrs. Demeny and Quénu in a dark room

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Image : Fig. 54. Changes which occur in the perspective of a moving animal according to the distance off at which the photographic apparatus is placed

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84 Chapter VI. Applications of chronophotography to mechanics

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Image : Fig. 55. The successive positions of a projectile in respect to two axes, one vertical, the other horizontal/ Fig. 56. Stick thrown horizontally with a rotatory movement in a vertical plane

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Image : Fig. 57. Movement of a system of two balls bound together by a string/ Fig. 58. Trajectory of a projectile in respect to two axes

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Image : Fig. 59. Chronophotographic trajectory of a flying apparatus describing asinuous curve in the air

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Image : Fig. 60. Chopping waves of very short period/ Fig. 61. Advancing wave

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Image : Fig. 62. Molecular movements within a simple chopping wave/ Fig. 63. Molecular movements within a series of chopping waves of short period

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Image : Fig. 64. Changes in velocity and in direction which occur in the liquid molecules of a current which meets an inclined plane/ Fig. 65. effects produced on a current by the immersion of a solid rectangular box

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Image : Fig. 66. A current meeting a pisciform body at its thick end/ Fig. 67. A current meeting a pisciform body at its small end

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Image : Fig. 68. Fluid wave surmounting an obstacle

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Image : Fig. 69. Jointed pendulum

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Image : Fig. 70. Vibrations of an elastic and wooden rod

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103 Chapter VII. Chronophotography on moving plates. Principes and history of the method

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Image : Fig. 71. Facsimile of the print of a photographic plate obtained with the astronomical revolver of the transit of the planet Venus across the sun, Dec. 8, 1874

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Image : Fig. 72. Field of operations arranged by Mr. Muybridge

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Image : Fig. 73. Six successive photographs of a horse at a walking pace

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Image : Fig. 74. The photographic gun

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Image : Fig. 75. External appearance of the photographic gun

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Image : Fig. 76. Details of the interior of the photographic gun

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Image : Fig. 77. Special box holding the photographic plates

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Image : Fig. 78. Photograph of a gull during flight

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Image : Fig. 79. Enlargement of one of the photographs obtained with the photographic gun

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Image : Fig. 80. Internal structure of the photographic chamber

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Image : Fig. 81. Admission shutter which is substituted for the dark slide when working with a roll of film/ Fig. 82. Two metal bobbins for carrying the sensitized film

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Image : Fig. 83. Showing how the film is lengthened at its two extremities by the opaque bands of paper

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Image : Fig. 84. Supply bobbin ready charged

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Image : Fig. 85. Two successive photographs taken on a sensitized film

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Image : Fig. 86. Sword-stroke

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Image : Fig. 87. Series of photographs to show the successive phases of the movement of a wave

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126 Chapter VIII. Human movements from the point of view of kinetics

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Image : Fig. 88. Arrangement of the odograph and of the track at the physiological station

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Image : Fig. 89. Chart of the fixed odograph to show paces of different velocity

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Image : Fig. 90. Curves to show the rate and length of the stride

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Image : Fig. 91. The trajectory of the pubis of a man at a walking pace

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Image : Fig. 92. Successive phases of a long-jump

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Image : Fig. 93. Successive phases of a pole-jump

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Image : Fig. 94. Incomplete photographs, namely, bright lines on dark-coloured clothing, are received on the fixed plate

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Image : Fig. 95. Fencing

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Image : Fig. 96. Jump from a height with flexion of the legs to break the fall

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Image : Fig. 97. Jump from a height with stiffened legs

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Image : Fig. 98. Oscillations of the leg in running

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146 Chapter IX. Certain movements in man from the point of view of dynamics

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Image : Fig. 99. Traction dynamograph

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Image : Fig. 100. Dynamographic platform for giving a curve of foot-pressure on the ground

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Image : Fig. 101. Method of simultaneously recording the foot-pressure on the ground and the changes in elevation of the body during a jump

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Image : Fig. 102. Superior curves: changes of height in the head during the jump. Inferior curves: pressure exercised by the feet on the ground

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Image : Fig. 103. Geometrical chronograph of yhe movements of the leg in wlking, during the period that the foot is in contact with the ground/ Fig. 104. Dynamographic tracing to express the phases of pressure by the foot on the ground in walking

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Image : Fig. 105. Geometrical chronophotograph of the movements executed in taking a high-jump

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Image : Fig. 106. Geometrical chronophotograph of a man's movements when walking

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Image : Fig. 107. Vertical oscillations of the head when walking

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Image : Fig. 108. Variations in the vertical oscillations of the body in walking and in running

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Image : Fig. 109. Curves of the different elements of the work performed in walking and running

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169 Chapter X. Locomotion is man from an artistic point of view

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Image : Fig. 110. Ocydromes or swift-runners (from a Greek vase)

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Image : Fig. 111. Instantaneous photograph of a runner

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Image : Fig. 112. A man walking; successive positions afforded by chronophotography on fixed plates

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Image : Fig. 113. Chronophotographic illustration of a runner

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Image : Fig. 114. Flexion of an arm/ Fig. 115. Extension of an arm/ Fig. 116. Alternating movements of flexion and extension/ Fig. 117. Single movement of forcible extension

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Image : Fig. 118. Chronophotograph of a runner taken from above

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Image : Fig. 119. Statuette made from chronophotographs

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Image : Fig. 120. A sword thrust

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Image : Fig. 121. Successive attitudes of a Greek dance, the influence of the movement on the fall of the draperies

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Image : Fig. 122. Imitation of the attitudes of a Greek dance, and of the fall of the drapery

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186 Chapter XI. Locomotion of quadrupeds

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Image : Fig. 123. Synoptic chart of a horse's paces according to different authorities

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Image : Fig. 124. Transition from walking to trotting/ Fig. 125. Transition from trotting to walking/ Fig. 126. Transition from trotting to gallop (three time)

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Image : Fig. 127. Transition from a gallop (three time) to a trot

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Image : Fig. 128. Table of the track of a horse performing different paces

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Image : Fig. 129. Representation of a walking horse, designed from a chronographic chart and from the footprints

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Image : Fig. 130. Table of the attitudes of a horse, designed by Col. Duhousset from chronographic charts

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Image : Fig. 131. Horse walking

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Image : Fig. 132. Table of the attitudes of a horse from instantaneous photographs by Muybridge

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Image : Fig. 133. Horse walking (enlarged)

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Image : Fig. 134. Horse walking (enlarged)

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Image : Fig. 135. Horse at a canter. The series must be read from below apwards

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Image : Fig. 136. Transition from trot to gallop

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Image : Fig. 137. Changing step in a gallop

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Image : Fig. 138. Assyrian bas-relief. Horse at an amble / Fig. 139. Egyptian bas-relief (Medynet-Abou). Two harnessed horses moving at an amble

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Image : Fig. 140. Assyrian bas-relief (Ninive) horse walking/ Fig. 141. Bas-relief on brunt clay Volscian period (Velletri). Three harnessed horses walking

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Image : Fig. 142. Cavalier at walking pace (Trajan's column)/ Fig. 143. Mule walking (Trajan's column)

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Image : Fig. 144. The horse of Death, by Albert durer. The horse is at a slow trot / Fig. 145. Statue of Henry IV on the Pont-Neuf. Horse at a trot

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Image : Fig. 146. Frieze at the Parthenon. Horse at a canter

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Image : Fig. 147. Horse prepared for experiments with geometrical chronophotographs

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Image : Fig. 148. Diagram of the movements of the right anterior and posterior limbs of a horse at a walking pace

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211 Chapter XII. Locomotion in water

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Image : Fig. 149. Arrangement of the marine aquarium for studying locomotion in water

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Image : Fig. 150. Movements of the bell of a medusa

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Image : Fig. 151. Comatula executing movements at the bottom of the aquarium

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Image : Fig. 152. Eel moving in a horizontal plane

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Image : Fig. 153. The skate. Method of fixing tha animal when observing the movements of its fins

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Image : Fig. 154. Undulations of the fins of a skate, viewed from the side

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Image : Fig. 155. Undulations of the fins of a skate, viewed from in front

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Image : Fig. 156. Sea-horse, showing the successive and ascending phases of the undulations of the dorsal fin as the animal descends through the water

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Image : Fig. 157. Phases of the movements of a star-fish in turning itself over

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Image : Fig. 158. Movement of the appendages of a shrimp

226 Chapter XIII. Aerial locomotion. The flight of birds

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Image : Fig. 159.Myographic record of the pectoral muscles of a bird in flight

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Image : Fig. 160. Myographic curves taken from different birds in flight