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[sans numérotation] [Page de faux-titre]
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[sans numérotation] The international scientific series
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[sans numérotation] [Page de titre]
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[page blanche]
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v Table of contents
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vi
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vii
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viii
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ix
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x
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xi List of illustrations
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xii
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xiii
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xiv
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xv
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xvi
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1 Animal mechanism : terrestrial and aerial locomotion. Introduction
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2
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3
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4
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5 Book the first. Chapter I : Forces and organs
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
Image : Fig. 1. Showing the transformation of the electricity of a battery into mechanical action, into light, and chemical action
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11
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12
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13 Chapter II : Transformation of physical forces
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19 Chapter III : On animal heat
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27 Chapter IV : Animal motion
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28
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29
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30
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31
Image : Fig. 2. The myograph
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32
Image : Fig. 3. Marey's Myograph
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33
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34
Image : Fig. 4. Character of the shock according to the degree of fatigue of the muscle
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35
Image : Fig. 5. Successive transformations of the shock of a muscle becoming gradually poisoned by veratrine
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36
Image : Fig. 6. Appearance presented by a wave in muscular fibre
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37
Image : Fig. 7. Disposition of a bundle of muscle between two pairs of myographical clips
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38
Image : Fig. 8. Two determinations of the speed of the muscular wave
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39
Image : Fig. 9. Transformation of heat into work by a strip of India-rubber
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40
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41 Chapter V. Contraction and work of the muscles
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42
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43
Image : Fig. 10. Determination of the speed of the nervous agent in man
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44
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45
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46
Image : Fig. 11. Gradual coalescence of the shocks produced by electric excitations of increasing frequency
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47
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48
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49 Chapter VI. Of electricity in animals
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50
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51
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52
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53
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54
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55
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56
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57
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58
Image : Fig. 12. Measure of the time which elapses between the excitation of the electric nerve, and the discharge of the torpedo
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59 Chapter VII. Animal mechanism
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60
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61
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62
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63
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64
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65
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66
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67
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68
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69 Chapter VIII. Harmony between the organ and the function development hypothesis
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70
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71
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72
Image : Fig. 13. Skeleton of a flamingo
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73
Image : Fig. 14. Skeleton of a penguin
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74
Image : Fig. 15. Skeleton of the wing and sternum of the sea-swallow
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75
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76
Image : Fig. 16. Muscles of the thigh in man
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77
Image : Fig. 17. Muscle of the thigh in the magot
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78 The development theory
Image : Fig. 18. Muscles of the thigh of the Coaïta
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79
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80
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81
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82
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83
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84
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85 Chapter IX. Variability of the skeleton
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86
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87
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88
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89
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90
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91
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92
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93
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94 Variability of the muscular system
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95
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96
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97
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98
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99
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100
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101
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102 Book the second. Functions : terrestrial locomotion. Chapter I. Of locomotion in general
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103
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104
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105
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106
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107
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108
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109
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110 Chapter II. Terrestrial locomotion (bipeds). Act of walking in man
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111
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112
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113
Image : Fig. 19. Experimental shoe, intended to show the pressure of the foot on the ground, with its duration and its phases
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114
Image : Fig. 20. Tracings of the impact and the rise of the two feet iin our ordinary walk
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115
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116
Image : Fig. 21. Transmission of an oscillatory movement to the registering apparatus
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117
Image : Fig. 22. The upper curves, one in full line, the other dotted, represent the phases of the impact and of the rise of the right and left foot
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118
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119
Image : Fig. 23. Attempt to illustrate, by means of a metallic wire, the sinuous trajectory passed through by the pubis
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120
Image : Fig. 24. Showing two successive positions of the arm of the instrument, and the corresponding positions of the tracing points of the levers
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121
Image : Fig. 25. Tracing of the impact and rise of the right foot, furnished by a lever subjected at the same time to 10 vibrations per second
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122
Image : Fig. 26. A large tuning-fork whose vibrations are reduced by masses of lead to 10 per second
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123
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124 Chapter III. The different modes of progression used by man
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125
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126
Image : Fig. 27. Runner provided with the apparatus intended to register his different paces
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127
Image : Fig. 28. Instrument to register the vertical re-actions during the various paces
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128
Image : Fig. 29. Tracing produced by walking upstairs / Fig. 30. Tracing produced by running
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129
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130
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131
Image : Fig. 31. Man galloping with the right foot first / Fig. 32. Leap on two feet at once
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132 Notation of rhythm in different modes of progression
Image : Fig. 33. Series of hops on the right foot
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133
Image : Fig. 34. The curve which corresponds with the act of running in man
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134
Image : Fig. 35. Synoptical notation of the four kinds of progression used by man
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135
Image : Fig. 36. Notations of the gallop / Fig. 37. Notation of a series of jumps on two feet
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136
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137
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138 Chapter IV : Quadrupedal locomotion studied in the horse
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139
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140
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141
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142
Image : Fig. 38. Notation of a horse's amble
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143
Image : Fig. 39. Notation of the horse's walking pace
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144
Image : Fig. 40. Notation of a horse's trot
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145
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146
Image : Fig. 41. Synoptical notations of the paces of the horse, according to various writers
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147 Apparatus intended for the study of the modes of locomotion of the horse
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148
Image : Fig. 42. Experimental apparatus to show the pressure of the horse's hoof on the ground
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149
Image : Fig. 43. Apparatus to give the signals of the pressure and rise of the horse's hoof
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150
Image : Fig. 44. This figure represents a trotting horse, furnished with the different experimental instruments
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151 Chapter V. Experiments on the paces of the horse
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152
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153
Image : Fig. 45. Graphie ouvres and notation of the horse's trot
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154
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155
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156
Image : Fig. 46. Notation of the irregular trot
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157
Image : Fig. 47. Piste of the trot according to Vincent and Goiffon / Fig. 48. Horse trotting with a low kind of pace
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158
Image : Fig. 49. Horse at full trot
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159
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160
Image : Fig. 50. Tracings and notation of the walking pace, with equal pressures of the feet / Fig. 51 : Notation of the walking pace with predominance of the lateral pressures
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161
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162
Image : Fig. 52. Piste of the walking pace, after Vincent and Goiffon / Fig. 53. Piste of the amble, after Vincent and Goiffon
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163
Image : Fig. 54. Representation of the horse at a walking pace
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164 Chapter VI. Experiments on the paces of the horse
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165
Image : Fig. 55. Tracings and notation of the gallop in three-time
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166
Image : Fig. 56. Gallop in three-time
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167
Image : Fig. 57. Piste of the short gallop in three-time / Fig. 58. Piste of Eclipse's gallop from Curnieu
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168
Image : Fig. 59. Horse gallopping in the first time, the hind left foot only on the ground
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169
Image : Fig. 60. Horse galloping in the second time / Fig. 61. Horse galloping in the third time
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170
Image : Fig. 62. Notation of the gallop in four time
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171
Image : Fig. 63. Notation of full gallop ; re-actions of this pace
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172
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173
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174
Image : Fig. 64. Transition from the walk to the trot / Fig. 65. Transition from the trot to the walk / Fig. 66. Transition from the trot to the gallop / Fig67. Transition from the gallop to the trot
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175
Image : Fig. 68. Notation rule, to represent the different paces
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176
Image : Fig. 69. Notation rule forming the representation of the gallop in three-time
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177
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178
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179
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180 Book the third. Aerial locomotion. Chapter I. Of the flight of insects
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181
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182
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183
Image : Fig. 70. Showing the frequency of the strokes of the wing a drone-fly
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184
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185
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186
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187
Image : Fig. 71. Appearance of a wasp, the extremity of each of whose larger wings has been gilded
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188
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189
Image : Fig. 72. Tracing of the middle region of the course of the wing of a bee, showing the crossing of the two branches of the 8
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190
Image : Fig. 73. Tracing of the middle zone in the course describes by the wing of a humming-bird moth / Fig. 74. This figure shows, in the tracing made by a wasp, the upper loop, and all the extent of one branch of the 8
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191
Image : Fig. 75. Tracings of the wing of a wasp ; several of the lower loops are distinctly seen / Fig. 76. Tracing of a Wheatstone's Kaleidophone rod, tuned to the octave
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192
Image : Fig. 77. Tracing obtained with the wing of a bee, oscillating in a plane which is sensibly tangential to the generatrix of the registering cylinders / Fig. 78. Tracings of a wasp
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193
Image : Fig. 79. Tracings of a Wheatstone rod tuned to the octave / Fig. 80. Tracings of the movements of the wing of a humming-bird moth rubbing on the cylinder by its lower edge
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194
Image : Fig. 81. Tracing of the wing of a fatigued macrogloss
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195
Image : Fig. 82. Determination of the direction of the movements of an insect's wing
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196 Chapter II. Mechanism of the flight of insects
Image : Fig. 83. Structure of an insect's wing
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197
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198
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199
Image : Fig. 84. Artificial representation of the movements of an insect's wing
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200
Image : Fig. 85. Representation of the changes in the plane of the insect's wing
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201
Image : Fig. 86. Trajectory of the wing
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202
Image : Fig. 87. Representing the artificial insect
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203
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204
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205
Image : Fig. 88. Arrangement of the artificial insect, to obtain the change of plane, or ascending flight
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206
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207
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208
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209 Chapter III. Of the flight of birds
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210
Image : Fig. 89. Various curves of the wing of a bird at different points in its length
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211
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212
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213
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214
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215
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216
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217
Image : Fig. 90. Representing a contrivance intended to imitate the hovering of birds
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218
Image : Fig. 91. We have turned back the right hand corner of the two planes which form the angle
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219
Image : Fig. 92. The right hand corner of the plane of the angle has been bent downwards
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220
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221
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222
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223
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224
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225
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226 Chapter IV. Of the movements of the wing of the bird during flight
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227
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228
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229
Image : Fig. 93. Apparatus to investigate the contraction of the thoracic muscles of the bird
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230
Image : Fig. 94. Experiment to determine by the electrical and myographical methods, at the same time, the frequency of the movements of the wing and the relative durations of its elevation and depression
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231
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232
Image : Fig. 95. Myographical tracings of the pectoral muscles obtained frm different specles of birds during flight
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233
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234
Image : Fig. 96. Showing the differences of amplitude and frequency of the strokes of a pigeon's wing
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235
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236
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237
Image : Fig. 97. Apparatus intended to transmit to a resgistering at a distance all the movements that are given to another lever
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238
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239
Image : Fig. 98. Elastic point tracing on a smoked glass
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240
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241
Image : Fig. 99. Buzzard flying with the apparatus which gives of the movements described by the extremity of its wing
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242
Image : Fig. 100. Elliptical tracing of the point of a bird's wing
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243
Image : Fig. 101. Ellipse formed by a Wheatstone's rod tuned in unisen, and tracing on a revolving cylinder
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244 Chapter V. Of the changes in the plane of the bird's wing at different points in its course
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245
Image : Fig. 102. Transmission of a to-and-fro movement by means of a simple traction-cord
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246
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247
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248
Image : Fig. 103. General arrangement of the instrument
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249
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250
Image : Fig. 104. Suspension of the bird in the instrument
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251
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252
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253
Image : Fig. 105. Tracing of the movements of a pigeon's wing
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254
Image : Fig. 106. Superposition of the preceding curves on paper divided in millimetres
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255
Image : Fig. 107. Constructed from the preceding curves
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256
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257
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258
Image : Fig. 108. Theoretical figure of the apparatus to inestigate the torsion of the wing
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259
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260
Image : Fig. 109. Actual arrangement of the apparatus intended to experiment upon the movements of the wing
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261
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262
Image : Fig. 110. Simultaneous tracing of the various movements of a buzzard's wing
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263
Image : Fig. 111. Inclinations of the plane of the wing with reference to the axis of the body during flight
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264 Chapter VI. Re-actions of the movements of the wing on the body of the bird
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265
Image : Fig. 112. Apparatus intended to transmit to the registering instrument all the vertical oscillations of the bird
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266
Image : Fig. 113. Tracing of a chronographic tuning-fork making sixty vibrations in a second
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267
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268
Image : Fig. 114. In the upper part we see, placed above aech other, the muscular tracing, and that of the vertical oscillations in a wild duck
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269
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270
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271
Image : Fig. 115. Simultaneous tracing of the two kinds of oscillations executed by a buzzard during flight
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272
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273
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274
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275
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276
Image : Fig. 116. Wing of an insect / Fig. 117. Active and passive parts of the bird's wing
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277
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278
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279 Index
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280
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281
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282
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283
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[page blanche]
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[sans numérotation] A classified catalogue of Henry S. King and Co.'S Publications
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[sans numérotation]
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31
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32
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