Image : Fig. 1. - Ileocecal valve viewed from the interior of the cecum (Cunningham) / Fig. 2. - Ileocecal valve closed (Kraus)

Image : Fig. 3. - Ileocecal valve open (Kraus) / Fig. 4. - Ileocecal valve, common form (Cunningham)

Image : Fig. 5. - Ileocecal valve, circular form (Cunningham) / Fig. 6. - Ileocecal valve, imperfect form

Image : Fig. 7. - Cecum, ascending colon and terminal ileum, showing ileocolic junction / Fig. 8. - Same as Fig. 7, bowel rotated outward, showing habenula, A

Image : Fig. 9. - Diagram showing structure of ileocecal valve, intussusception of small intestine forming anterior and posterior lips, A, B / Fig. 10. - Partially incompetent ileocecal valve, anterior lip damaged by over-distention of the colon

Image : Fig. 11. - Completely incompetent ileocecal valve, both lips destroyed by over-stretching of the gut / Fig. 12. - Cecum and terminal ileum of the chimpanzee

Image : Fig. 13. - External appearance of the ileocolic junction showing ileocecal valve rendered incompetent by rupture of the habenula (redrawn from Kraus) / Fig. 14. - External appearance of the ileocolic junction with incompetent ileocecal valve, A, due to over-stretching of habenula

Image : Fig. 15. - First step in repair of incompetent ileocecal valve. Suture placed to restore posterior lip / Fig. 16. - Suture tied

Image : Fig. 17. - Second suture placed to approximate ends of torn habenula / Fig. 18. - Suture tied. Repair of valve completed

Image : Fig. 19. - Method of repairing valve by means of a single suture / Fig. 20. - Artificial ileocolic valve

Image : Fig. 21. - Ileocecal valve of a dog

Image : Fig. 22. - First step in operation of short circuiting the colon and of making an artificial ileocolic valve. Division of the ileum / Fig. 23. - Second step: mesentery separated from end of ileum

Image : Fig. 24. - Third step: first half of outer suture line conecting ileum and pelvic colon in end-to-end anastomosis / Fig. 25. - Fourth step: incision of colon preparatory to application of inner suture line

Image : Fig. 26. - Fifth step: application of inner suture, first half completed / Fig. 27. - Sixth step: inner suture line completed

Image : Fig. 28. - Seventh: end of ileum invaginated into the colon / Fig. 29. - Outer suture line completed

Image : Fig. 30. - Operation completed by attaching a portion of the mesentery to colon to prevent contraction at the point of anastomosis / Fig. 31. - Appearance of artificial valve from the inside

Image : Fig. 32. - Side view of artificial ileocecal valve from the inside

Image : Stereoradiograph showing incompetency of the ileocecal valve, indicated by the presence of bismuth in the terminal ileum